I. Introduction to Power Systems
1. Fundamentals of Electricity:
-Basic Electrical Concepts (Voltage, Current, Power, Resistance, Impedance)
-AC/DC Fundamentals
-Ohm’s Law, Kirchhoff’s Laws
2. Power System Components:
-Generation, Transmission, and Distribution
-Types of Power Plants
-Transmission Lines (Overhead and Underground)
-Substations (Overview)
3. Power System Protection:
-Importance of Protection Systems
-Types of Faults (Short Circuit, Overcurrent, Overvoltage)
-Relaying Principles
4. Power Quality Issues:
-Harmonics, Voltage Sags/Swells, Flicker
-Impact of Power Quality Problems
-Power Quality Improvement Techniques
II. Substation Equipment
5. Power Transformers:
-Transformer Principles (Construction, Operation)
-Types of Transformers (Power, Distribution, Instrument)
-Transformer Testing and Maintenance
6. Circuit Breakers:
-Types of Circuit Breakers (ACB, VCB, SF6)
-Operating Principles of Circuit Breakers
-Circuit Breaker Selection and Application
7. Switchgear:
-Switchgear Assemblies (Metal-Clad, Outdoor)
-Switchgear Components (Busbars, Isolators, Earthing Switches)
8. Current Transformers (CTs) and Potential Transformers (PTs):
-Purpose and Operation of CTs and PTs
-Accuracy Classes and Selection
-Installation and Testing
9. Instrument Transformers:
-Measurement of Voltage, Current, Power, Energy
-Metering Relays and Protection Relays
10. Earthing Systems:
-Substation Grounding Principles
-Types of Earthing Systems (Grid, Plate, Rod)
-Earthing Resistance Measurements
11. Capacitor Banks:
-Power Factor Improvement Principles
-Capacitor Bank Types and Ratings
-Capacitor Bank Installation and Operation
12. Surge Arresters:
-Surge Protection Principles
-Types of Surge Arresters
-Application of Surge Arresters in Substations
13. Control and Relay Panels:
-Control Panel Components and Functions
-Relay Panels and Protection Schemes
-SCADA Integration in Substations
III. Substation Operations and Maintenance
14. Substation Safety Procedures:
-Lockout/Tagout Procedures
-Permit-to-Work System
-PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
15. Substation Inspection and Testing:
-Routine Inspections and Preventive Maintenance
-Diagnostic Testing of Equipment
-Insulation Resistance Tests
16. Commissioning of Substations:
-Pre-commissioning Checks
-Energization Procedures
-Post-commissioning Tests
17. Fault Finding and Troubleshooting:
-Fault Diagnosis Techniques
-Relay Malfunctions
-Circuit Breaker Problems
-Transformer Problems
18. Substation Automation:
-SCADA Systems in Substation Automation
-Remote Monitoring and Control
-Substation Automation Benefits
IV. Specific Equipment Focus
19. ACB (Air Circuit Breaker):
-ACB Construction and Operating Principles
-ACB Wiring and Installation
-ACB Troubleshooting and Maintenance
20. VCB (Vacuum Circuit Breaker):
-VCB Construction and Operating Principles
-VCB Wiring and Installation
-VCB Troubleshooting and Maintenance
21. LT Panel Design and Construction:
-Components of LT Panels
-Circuit Breaker Selection and Sizing
-Protection and Control Devices
22. HT Panel Design and Construction:
-Components of HT Panels
-Circuit Breaker Selection and Sizing
-Protection and Control Devices
23. PFI (Power Factor Improvement) Plant:
-PFI Principles and Benefits
-Capacitor Bank Sizing and Selection
-PFI Plant Operation and Maintenance
V. Advanced Topics
24. Substation Grounding Design:
-Soil Resistivity Measurements
-Ground Grid Design and Installation
-Step and Touch Potentials
25. Substation Noise and Vibration Control:
-Sources of Noise and Vibration
-Mitigation Techniques
26. Environmental Impact of Substations:
-Environmental Concerns
-Mitigation Measures
27. Substation Security:
-Physical Security Measures
-Cybersecurity in Substations
28. Emerging Technologies in Substations:
-Condition Monitoring and Diagnostics
-Artificial Intelligence in Substations
-Smart Grid Technologies
VI. Practical Sessions and Projects
29. Substation Layout and Design:
-Design a Simple Substation Layout
30. Protection Scheme Design:
-Design a Protection Scheme for a Feeder
31. Relay Coordination Studies:
-Perform Relay Coordination Studies using Simulation Software
32. Fault Analysis:
-Analyze Fault Records and Determine Fault Locations
33. PFI Plant Design:
-Design a PFI Plant for a Given Load
34. Substation Inspection and Testing:
-Perform Practical Inspections and Tests on Substation Equipment
35. Troubleshooting Exercises:
-Troubleshoot Simulated Faults in Substation Equipment
36. SCADA Simulation:
-Simulate SCADA Operations in a Substation Environment
37. Project 1: Design and Analysis of a Small Substation
-Design a complete substation for a small industrial area
38. Project 2: Implementation of a PFI Plant
-Design and implement a PFI plant for a given load
39. Project 3: Substation Automation Project
-Develop a simple automation system for a substation
40. Project 4: Substation Safety Audit
-Conduct a safety audit of an existing substation