Introduction to Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
o History, principles, and applications of HVAC&R
o Importance of HVAC&R in modern society
2. Thermodynamics Fundamentals
o Laws of thermodynamics
o Heat transfer principles (conduction, convection, radiation)
o Properties of matter (pressure, temperature, volume)
3. Psychometrics
o Properties of moist air
o Psychrometric charts and their interpretation
o Humidity control processes
4. Refrigerants
o Types of refrigerants (natural, synthetic)
o Refrigerant properties and selection criteria
o Environmental impact and regulations (e.g., ozone depletion, global warming)
5. Electrical Fundamentals
o Basic electrical concepts (voltage, current, resistance)
o AC/DC circuits
o Electrical safety practices
Refrigeration Systems
6. Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle
o Components and operation of a vapor compression cycle
o Pressure-enthalpy diagrams
o Performance analysis of refrigeration systems
7. Absorption Refrigeration Cycle
o Principles of absorption refrigeration
o Applications of absorption systems (e.g., chillers, domestic refrigerators)
8. Refrigeration System Components
o Compressors (reciprocating, rotary, screw)
o Condensers (air-cooled, water-cooled)
o Evaporators
o Expansion devices (thermostatic expansion valves, capillary tubes)
9. Refrigeration System Controls
o Thermostats, pressure switches, safety controls
o Control circuits and wiring diagrams
10. Refrigeration System Troubleshooting
o Common refrigeration system problems
o Diagnostic techniques
o Troubleshooting procedures
Air Conditioning Systems
11. Air Conditioning Fundamentals
o Psychrometric principles of air conditioning
o Load calculations (cooling, heating)
o Air distribution systems
12. Residential Air Conditioning Systems
o Window units, split systems, central air conditioners
o Installation, maintenance, and troubleshooting
13. Commercial Air Conditioning Systems
o Package units, rooftop units, chillers
o VAV systems, fan coil units
14. Industrial Air Conditioning Systems
o Process cooling, data center cooling
o Special applications (e.g., cleanrooms)
15. Air Handling Units (AHUs)
o Components of AHUs (fans, filters, coils)
o AHU selection and design
HVAC Controls
16. Building Automation Systems (BAS)
o Introduction to BAS concepts
o Control systems (direct digital control, programmable logic controllers)
17. Sensors and Actuators
o Temperature sensors, pressure sensors, humidity sensors
o Control valves, dampers, fans
18. Control Loops
o Feedback control systems
o PID control
o Tuning of control loops
19. DDC Systems
o Programming and operation of DDC systems
o Troubleshooting DDC systems
20. BMS Software
o Introduction to building management software
o Data logging and analysis
o Energy management
Heat Pumps
21. Heat Pump Principles
o Heat pump cycles (air-source, ground-source)
o Coefficient of Performance (COP)
22. Air-Source Heat Pumps
o Residential and commercial applications
o Installation and maintenance
23. Ground-Source Heat Pumps
o Geothermal systems
o Advantages and disadvantages
Ventilation
24. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)
o Sources of indoor air pollutants
o IAQ control strategies
25. Ventilation Systems
o Natural ventilation
o Mechanical ventilation (supply, exhaust, balanced)
Refrigeration Applications
26. Cold Storage
o Design and operation of cold storage facilities
o Food preservation
27. Ice Making
o Ice making machines and their operation
28. Refrigerated Transportation
o Refrigerated trucks and containers
29. Industrial Refrigeration
o Process cooling applications in various industries
Safety and Environmental Issues
30. Safety in HVAC&R
o Electrical safety
o Refrigerant safety
o Confined space entry
o Personal protective equipment
31. Environmental Regulations
o Ozone Depletion and Global Warming Potential (ODP and GWP)
o Refrigerant recovery and recycling
Practical Skills
32. Hand Tools and Equipment
o Use and maintenance of hand tools
o Use and maintenance of specialized HVAC&R equipment
33. Refrigerant Handling
o Safe handling and recovery of refrigerants
o Use of refrigerant recovery equipment
34. Brazing and Soldering
o Techniques for brazing and soldering copper tubing
35. Electrical Wiring
o Wiring diagrams
o Control circuit wiring
36. Troubleshooting and Repair
o Diagnostic procedures for common HVAC&R problems
o Repair techniques
37. Preventive Maintenance
o Preventive maintenance procedures for HVAC&R equipment
Advanced Topics
38. Advanced Refrigeration Cycles
o Cascade refrigeration systems
o Multi-stage compression
39. Heat Exchanger Design
o Principles of heat exchanger design
o Selection of heat exchangers